Design and Virtual Testing of American Football Helmets–A Review

Abstract This paper aims to review the recent progress in research carried out by scientists worldwide regarding American Footballers' head injuries and protective equipment, focusing on role of computation methods, mainly finite element method application Football helmet design testing as well injury biomechanics. The technology has been constantly improved, it is driven market competition, medical records, coaches athletes' self-awareness. With analysis computational resources development, possible develop more accurate brain models recreate impacts. seems be an excellent simulation tool verify helmet's ability absorb energy enable researchers have insight into kinematics tissue-level injuries. work focused sport becomes popular across globe. Additionally, a reference development newest presented. review's proposed approach gathers studies presented within last decade coupling with helmets standardised or on-field conditions. synthesis existing state art may enhance continue investigating athlete's trauma improve gear minimise authors numerous concussions findings from decade, including Finite Element Head (FEHm) simulations. All were searched through Google Scholar, Scopus ResearchGate databases.